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hog chains
''Hog chains'' were a technological device that permitted river boats to have lightly built hulls so they could travel in shallow water.
==Engineering problem==
It was advantageous for river vessels to operate in very shallow water, so that work could be done at all seasons and in areas that lacked deeper rivers. This required flat-bottomed boats with lightly built hulls. However, the hulls tended to bend out of shape over time, particularly with sternwheelers, which had heavy components at stern (the sternwheel) and also towards the bow (the boilers).〔 If the boat hull became bowed upwards in the middle, this was called "sagging". If the boat bowed down in the middle, this was called "hogging".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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